As discussed several times in this space, mares seasonally polyestrus, which means that their estrous cycles depend on the season. A mare will undergo regular estrus cycles during late Spring, Summer and early Fall, and none during Winter. It is larg …

Many mares posses the bona fides that warrant breeding, such as good temperament, conformation, bloodlines and talent, but age is also a very important consideration. Despite the fact that it isn’t at all uncommon to find mares bred during their 20s, …

Horse owners and managers commonly report muscular fatigue of horses. Muscular fatigue can be caused by numerous disorders of several body systems, or it can be a function of (or a normal consequence of) prolonged exercise. The decreased ability of …

The management of large hoofstock in the wild or on preserves often necessitates live capture of specific individuals, and chemical immobilization is generally the most effective method for capturing these animals. Selective capture of deer and other …

How long is a horse pregnant? Well, the short answer is 10 to 12 months, or from approximately 326 days to 354 days (although there have been cases where gestation for a mare has gone as long as 365 to 370 days). Most mares only carry one foal per pr …

While most animals ultimately do well with general anesthesia in the hands of a dedicated veterinarian, the fact is that general anesthesia does pose inherent risks, and this is the case in both animal and human medicine. Exotic animals in the wild, …

Estradiol is a medication and naturally-occurring steroid hormone. It is an estrogen and is used mainly in hormone therapy. Estrogen therapy is currently being used widely by veterinarians treating intermittent upward patellar fixation (IUPF) in hors …

Standing sedation is a critical component in many key procedures done on-site and in the equine veterinary clinic. When choosing between the available sedation drugs, veterinarians must consider safety, cost effectiveness for the client and the pract …

Clenbuterol hydrochloride is a β2-adrenergic agonist that is used in horses as a short-term bronchodilator. In the short-term, it is typically employed in the management of airway obstruction (eg, severe equine asthma [SEA], formerly known as recurre …