The mountain lion (Puma concolor) is the largest wild felid in the North American continent. It is also frequently known as the cougar or puma. Mountain lions are obligate carnivores that can be found in varied habitats in the U.S. and Canada, althou …

Bobcats (Lynx rufus) are approximately twice as the size of the average housecat. They have long legs, large paws, and tufted ears similar to those of their larger relative, the Canada lynx. Bobcats are brown or brownish-red with a white belly and a …

The polar bear (Ursus maritimus) is found throughout the Arctic region. These animals travel long distances over vast expanses, often on drifting oceanic ice floes, searching for seals, their primary prey. Polar bears are stocky in build, with a long …

Capturing, immobilizing, and fitting for radio collars are common practices in studies of large mammals. However, many species of large mammals exist in remnant or “island-like” populations in which there is little or no gene flow.1 Concern amongst r …

The iconic cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) is one of the most highly-specialized and effective hunters in nature. As recently as 1900, it had a vast geographic range that spanned Africa, the Middle East and across Asia into the Indian subcontinent.1 Durin …

Nondomestic ruminants such as deer can be encountered in the wild, on exotic animal or cervid ranches on breeding farms, and in zoos or petting farms. In order to handle or treat species of deer, most require manual restraint using a hydraulic squeez …

There has been an increased interest in the captive propagation of elephants and other large exotic animals in recent years, largely for reasons of conservation. As a result, more and more zoos and wildlife preserves are keeping, or anticipate holdin …

Immobilization is the imposed restriction of movement of all or part of an animal’s body, either by physical or chemical means. Typically, immobilization is used to facilitate management of some form (e.g., health, safety, conservation), and it …

Equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM) is the most prevalent cause of neurologic disease of horses in the Americas (North, Central and South America). It is an extremely serious disease that can be difficult to diagnose due to the fact that its pre …