In veterinary medicine, sedatives and tranquilizers are commonly used in animals to produce calmness, for chemical restraint, and as an adjunct to general anesthesia.1 In general, tranquilization reduces anxiety and induces a sense of tranquility wit …

Capture-recapture methods have a long history in the study of fish and wildlife populations. The simplest of these techniques is known as the two-sample model, which is used to estimate the unknown size of a population. The first sample provides indi …

Chemical restraint is often necessary when dealing with both domestic and exotic animals. In the former, this generally includes routine procedures on companion, work and performance large and small animals. In the latter, it includes both major and …

Zoos have been around for many centuries in various forms. Wall carvings found in Egypt and Mesopotamia suggest that aristocrats created menageries as early as 2500 BCE, and retained records of expeditions to distant lands where exotic animals were c …

The bongo (Tragelaphus eurycerus) is an African antelope species found in the lowland forests from Sierra Leone in West Africa, through Central Africa and as far as southern Sudan in east Africa. Small populations also live in the montane (highland f …

The bongo is the largest and most colorful of the forest African antelopes. Males range in weight from 240 to 405 kilograms, while the females weigh between 210 and 235 kilograms. Female and juvenile bongo are chestnut red with darker legs. Males sta …

Using the Mark and Recapture (or “Capture-Mark-Recapture”) technique, biologists, researchers or wildlife management personnel use various methods to capture animals and subsequently mark them. The methods used for marking vary depending upon the spe …

Unlike earlier times in human history, the need for capturing wild animals today extends far beyond the need for clothing and food. Today, the capture of wild species for research and conservation projects is a concern that is widely shared globally. …

It is often necessary for biologists and wildlife managers to estimate the population size of wild animal species. Knowing whether population is increasing or decreasing is integral to conservation management, and essential in cases of threatened or …